Climate Change Projected to Alter Avalanche Patterns in Switzerland by 2100

Climate change is set to decrease the frequency of avalanches in Switzerland but increase the likelihood of wet snow avalanches by 2100. A study by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research suggests that while dry snow avalanches will lower, the overall danger from wet snow avalanches will rise, prompting necessary safety measures, including the potential closure of at-risk ski resorts.

Climate change is projected to alter avalanche dynamics in Switzerland by 2100. While the overall frequency of avalanches may decrease, research indicates a significant increase in the risk of wet snow avalanches, particularly above the tree line. The Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) highlights that wet snow avalanches, generated by melted or rain-soaked snow, will pose heightened threats despite a reduction in dry snow avalanches due to rising winter temperatures, which could increase by approximately five degrees Celsius over the next decades. Consequently, less frequent avalanches are envisioned for valley areas as snow lines ascend and overall snow accumulation diminishes, although sporadic extreme snowfall events could still trigger large avalanches at higher elevations. SLF’s study encompassed key locations across Switzerland, including the Weissfluhjoch region and a high-altitude site near Zermatt, with findings applicable to the greater Alpine region and other similar climates worldwide.

The evolving patterns of avalanche activity in Switzerland are closely linked to climate change, specifically rising global temperatures. The insights provided by SLF stem from an extensive investigation into how these environmental changes affect snow and avalanche behaviors. Given the country’s reliance on winter tourism and associated outdoor activities, understanding these shifts is crucial for public safety, especially for ski resorts located in potential danger zones. Increased instances of wet snow avalanches demand revisited safety measures, as traditional approaches may no longer suffice in supporting avalanche prevention strategies.

In summary, climate change is anticipated to reshape the landscape of avalanche occurrences in Switzerland by 2100, leading to a decline in dry snow avalanches, while concurrently raising the threat level of wet snow avalanches. This situation necessitates proactive measures, including the potential closure of ski resorts in vulnerable zones, to mitigate risks to individuals engaged in winter sports and enhance overall safety. As Switzerland confronts these challenges, the findings from SLF will be integral to developing effective responses to ensure the safety of its residents and visitors alike.

Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch